|Table of Contents|

New method for deformation control of soft and loose rock tunnels(PDF)

《建筑科学与工程学报》[ISSN:1673-2049/CN:61-1442/TU]

Issue:
2025年05期
Page:
155-170
Research Field:
隧道工程
Publishing date:

Info

Title:
New method for deformation control of soft and loose rock tunnels
Author(s):
CHEN Lijun1;  CHEN Jianxun1;  ZHAI Yang1;  WANG Zhijiao2;  ZHANG Lixin1;  LUO Yanbin1
(1. School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China; 2. Gansu Changda Highway Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China)
Keywords:
tunnel engineering;  soft and loose rock;  initial support;  deformation control;  small-diameter anchor cable
PACS:
U452
DOI:
10.19815/j.jace.2025.07054
Abstract:
In order to effectively control the deformation of tunnels with soft and loose surrounding rock, combined with the characteristics and construction technology of soft and loose surrounding rock, the load sources of tunnels with soft and loose surrounding rock were analyzed, and the control principles for large deformation of tunnels with soft and loose surrounding rock were determined. The tunnel deformation control idea of “strengthening the initial support arch foot constraint and adding additional arch constraints” was proposed. A mechanical analysis model for the initial support structure incorporating local constraint reinforcement was established. Using a case study, the effect of adding arch constraints on improving the internal forces of the initial support structure was analyzed, and the optimal installation positions for these additional arch constraints under different load patterns were investigated. Based on a typical project, the construction techniques and support effectiveness of using locally reinforced constraints in the initial support to control deformation of soft and loose rock tunnels were studied. The results indicate that the inability of the initial support to be timely installed, achieve tight contact with the surrounding rock, and provide sufficient support stiffness during partial tunnel excavation is a significant cause of discrete deformation. Adding additional constraints to the arch of the initial support can effectively reduce the bending moments and axial forces at critical sections, while also mitigate stress concentration and vertical displacement at the foot foundations. When the surrounding rock pressure is predominantly vertical, the additional arch constraints should be installed near the arch crown, optimally within 10° on both sides of the crown. When horizontal pressure dominates, the constraints should be installed near the arch feet on both sides of the upper bench(beyond 40° from the crown)or on the sidewalls of the middle bench. The integrated construction method and technique involving “small-diameter anchor cables in the arch + large-diameter grouted feet-lock pipes” effectively controls the deformation of soft and loose rock tunnels. The study results have important guiding significance for suppressing the discrete deformation of soft and loose rock tunnels.

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Last Update: 2025-09-25