In order to study the performance of columns of high-strength concrete-filled square steel tubes with inner carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)circular tube, the contrast tests of bearing capacities of 4 columns of high-strength concrete-filled square steel tubes with inner CFRP circular tube, and 4 columns of high-strength concrete-filled square steel tubes were made. Curves on the relationship of stress-strain were drawn. The whole process analysis on the performance of columns of high-strength concrete-filled square steel tubes was carried out. The results show that under the same steel ratio, the bearing capacity of high-strength concrete-filled square steel tube column with the same number of CFRP layers decreases when slenderness ratio increases. Under the same slenderness ratio, with increase of the number of CFRP layers, the bearing capacity of high-strength concrete-filled square steel tube column is obviously improved, the confining effect on the core concrete is better and the yield time of structural member is prolonged.